11 Deadly Airborne Diseases You Should Know About [Infographic]

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Deadly Diseases You May Have Not Known About

The rapid spread of airborne diseases has made it one of the most common disease types in various parts of the world. Due to the simple transmission methods, these diseases are easily spread from the infected people to others. However, there are some effective steps you can take to avoid further prevention of these diseases.

Check out this detailed infographic to know more about the deadliest airborne diseases, their spreading patterns and how to prevent them.

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11 Deadly Airborne Diseases You Should Know About

Airborne diseases are discharged by coughing, sneezing, laughing, and close personal contact. Illness is caused when the discharged microbe is inhaled or touched. This infographic will introuce you to the common types, spreading pattern and prevention of airborne diseases.

The average adult inhales and exhales about:

• 7 or 8 liters of air per minute
• 11,000 liters of air per day

Airborne Bacterial Diseases

1. Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

Effects:

• Worldwide, there are an estimated 16 million cases of pertussis and about 195,000 deaths per year.
• In 2012, 48,277 cases of pertussis were reported in the United States.

Symptoms:

• Runny nose
• Low-grade fever
• Mild cough
• Apnea – a pause in breathing

2. Meningitis

Effects:

• Bacterial meningitis affects over 4,000 people and causes 500 deaths in the U.S. each year.
• 6,000 cases of pneumococcal meningitis are reported each year in the U.S.
• 10-15% of meningococcal meningitis are fatal, and another 10-15% lead to brain damage.

Symptoms:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Increased sensitivity to light
• Altered mental status

3. Diphtheria

Effects:

• In 2014, 7,321 cases of diphtheria were reported to the World Health Organization
• If people with diphtheria don’t get treated, they can spread the disease for up to 4 weeks.

Symptoms:

• Weakness
• Sore throat
• Fever
• Swollen glands in the neck

4. Pneumonia

Effects:

• In U.S., 90,000 people die annually from pneumonia.
• Pneumonia was the 7th leading cause of death in 1999 and 2000.

Symptoms:

• Nausea
• Cough
• Fever
• Vomiting or diarrhea
• Chest pain when you breathe or cough
• Fatigue

5. Tuberculosis

Effects:

• In 2014, 9.6 million people fell ill with TB and 1.5 million died from the disease.
• Over 95% of TB deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.
• It is among the top 5 causes of death for women aged 15 to 44.
• In 2014, an estimated 1 million children became ill with TB and 140,000 children died of TB.

Symptoms:

• Weight loss
• Persistent cough
• Fever
• Coughing up blood
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue

Airborne Viral Diseases

6. Chickenbox (Varicella Zoster Virus)

Effects:

In the early 1990s,

• An average of 4 million people got chickenpox.
• 10,500 to 13,000 were hospitalized.
• 100 to 150 died each year.
• Chickenpox focuses on kids, attacking mostly those younger than 15.

The chickenpox vaccine became available in 1995. After that the number of chickenpox cases has fallen by as much as 90%.

Symptoms:

• Feeling tired & irritable
• Itching
• Fever
• Rash

7. Influenza

Effects:

• An average of about 36,000 people per year in the United States die from influenza.
• 114,000 per year have to be admitted to the hospital as a result of influenza infection.

Symptoms:

• Runny nose
• Cough
• Fever
• Muscle or body aches
• Sore throat
• Fatigue
• Headaches

8. Measles

Effects:

• Measles is highly contagious and lives in the nose and throat mucus of an infected person.
• Measles causes flu-like symptoms.
• There is no treatment for measles, but the measles vaccine is highly effective.

Symptoms:

• Runny nose
• Dry cough
• Fever
• Sore throat
• Inflamed eyes
• Tiny white and bluish spots
• Skin rash

9. SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

Effects:

• A total of 8,098 people worldwide became sick with SARS during the 2003 outbreak.
• Of these, 774 died in the United States.

Symptoms:

• Shortness of breath
• Dry cough
• Fever
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Fatigue
• Diarrhea

Airborne Fungal Diseases

10. Aspergillosis

Effects:

• Affects over 2,720 people per year in the U.S.

Symptoms:

• Weight loss
• Bone pain
• Fever
• Chest pain
• Decreased urine output
• Shortness of breath

11. Cryptococcosis

Effects:

• As of 2009 there were globally approximately 958,000 annual cases and 625,000 deaths within three months after infection.

Symptoms:

• Vomiting
• Neck pain
• Fever
• Headache

How Airborne Diseases Spread?

Coughing | Sneezing | Laughing | Close Personal Contact

• Inhalation of pathogens that can affect an individual’s respiratory system or the rest of the body.
• Pathogens which can ride on either dust particles or small respiratory droplets that can stay suspended in the air and travel distances on air currents.
• Commonly seen in unsanitary household conditions and overcrowded areas, and thrive in areas of poverty and poor hygienic conditions.

Prevent Methods

What should you do?

• Wash your hands: Apply soap or any antiseptic hand wash and rub it for a minute making sure you have cleaned your hands properly.
• Ventilate the patient’s room: The room in which the patient is living is on high risk. Ventilate the room for an hour or so by opening the windows and doors or else by switching on the fan.
• Wear antibacterial face mask: Wear antibacterial face mask to protect against infectious droplets from patients who sneeze, cough, laugh, or talk.
• Vaccination: One of the ways through which you can immunize your body against the airborne disease is by getting vaccinated.

What should the patient do?

• Wear antibacterial face mask: Patients can wear masks while having a conversation with the doctor or his relatives.
• Cover your face while sneezing: Handkerchief or any other piece of cloth can be used for this purpose.
• Shift to healthcare departments: Those patients who are severely infected by airborne disease should be shifted to isolated healthcare departments for better care.
• Remain at home when sick: It is advisable that they stay in their rooms throughout the illness period to avoid the spread of the disease.

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